Balzac suffered from health problems throughout his life， possibly due to his intense writing schedule。 His relationship with his family was often strained by financial and personal drama， and he lost more than one friend over critical reviews。 In 1850， he married Ewelina Hańska， his longtime love； he died five months later。
巴尔扎克出生于一个法国大革命后致富的资产阶级家庭，法科学校毕业后，拒绝家庭为他选择的受人尊敬的法律职业，而立志当文学家。为了获得独立生活和从事创作的物质保障，他曾试笔并插足商业，从事出版印刷业，但都以破产告终。这一切都为他认识社会、描写社会提供了极为珍贵的第一手材料。他不断追求和探索，对哲学、经济学、历史、自然科学、神学等领域进行了深入研究，积累了极为广博的知识。
1829年，巴尔扎克完成长篇小说《朱安党人》，这部取材于现实生活的作品为他带来巨大声誉，也为法国批判现实主义文学放下第一块基石。巴尔扎克将《朱安党人》和计划要写的一百四五十部小说总命名为《人间喜剧》，并为之写了《前言》，阐述了他的现实主义创作方法和基本原则，从理论上为法国批判现实主义文学奠定了基础。
巴尔扎克在艺术上取得了巨大成就，他在小说结构方面匠心独运，小说结构多种多样，不拘一格，并善于将集中概括与精确描摹相结合，以外形反映内心本质等手法来塑造人物，他还善于以精细入微、生动逼真的环境描写再现时代风貌。恩格斯称赞巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》写出了贵族阶级的没落衰败和资产阶级的上升发展，提供了社会各个领域无比丰富的生动细节和形象化的历史材料，“甚至在经济的细节方面（如革命以后动产和不动产的重新分配），我学到的东西也要比从当时所有职业历史学家、经济学院和统计学家那里学到的全部东西还要多”。（恩格斯：《恩格斯致玛·哈克奈斯》）巴尔扎克以自己的创作在世界文学史上树立起不朽的丰碑。
Key words ＆ Sentences
关键词句全知道
The novel was Balzac。
这本小说是巴尔扎克写的。
I have to write a comment on Usurer by Balzac。
我要写一篇巴尔扎克的《高利贷者》的评论。
Balzac was a French author obsessed with writing and food。
巴尔扎克是法国的一位作家，为写作和生计深深困扰。
That night， Balzac was already on bed and seemed to be in deep sleep。
这天晚上呢，巴尔扎克已经上床了，看起来睡得很沉。
Balzac was a great French writer。 But he was very poor before he was famous。
巴尔扎克是一个著名的法国作家，但是，在他还没有成名前是非常穷的。
Balzac said there is no such thing as a great ta1ent without great will－power。
巴尔扎克说没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。
Many characters in Balzac’s “Human Comedy” figure appear in more than one novel or story。
巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》中的许多人物在几篇小说或故事里一再出现。
Failures never faltered Balzac’s drive to continue to write novels。
巴尔扎克屡屡失败，但从未放弃过继续写小说的念头。
The friend opened the door hurriedly only to find that there was only Balzac in the room。
这个朋友急忙推门进去，看见屋里只有巴尔扎克一个人。
Balzac was one of the creators of realism in literature， with a bent for satire。
巴尔扎克偏好讽刺意味的作品，是当时文艺写实派的先驱之一。
This part inquires how Balzac who had been a impetuous literary youth grown into a great realistic writer。
这部分主要探讨了巴尔扎克是如何从一个莽撞学步的文学青年成长为一个伟大的现实主义作家的。
It turned out that Balzac was bitterly attacking the base conduct of the character that he was exposing in his work。
原来巴尔扎克在痛骂作品中一个他正在揭露的人物的卑劣行为。
Confinement with TB in his 20s introduced him to Dickens and Dostoevsky， Balzac and Plato， and spurred him to write。
到20多岁，因身患肺结核，他卧床阅读狄更斯、陀思妥耶夫斯基、巴尔扎克和柏拉图，并由此激发了写作欲。
After taking a quick look at the composition book， Balzac asked the woman whether she was the child’s relative or not。
巴尔扎克很快地看了那本作文本，并且问老妇人是否是那孩子的亲戚。
In the course of interpreting academic idea， I discuss the modern significance of Balzac’s literary ideology in four respects。
在学理阐发的过程中，我从四个方面论述了巴尔扎克的现代意义。
In this thesis， basing on previous fruits， I study Balzac’s literary ideology so as to reveal the theory enigmas twisting around Balzac。
本文拟在吸收已有成果的基础上，对巴尔扎克的文艺思想进行一些研究，以期揭开缠绕在巴尔扎克身上的很多理论问题的谜团。
She said that she wanted to know what Balzac thought of the boy’s character。
她说她想知道巴尔扎克对这个男孩的看法。
Balzac begins his novel by calling the reader insensitive to human misery and insisting that his book is not a novel but a record of the truth。
巴尔扎克在小说的开端，指称读者对人类的苦难感觉迟钝，并强调他的书并非小说，而是事实的记载。
Scott first made a notable impact on France， his customary novels were changed into a study on the society by Balzac and ethics novels by Hugo。
法国率先受到司各特的影响，司各特的风俗历史小说由巴尔扎克演化为一项社会研究，在雨果笔下则发展为伦理历史小说。
Balzac’s is a dense and actual world， Cooper’s， by contrast， is a mythological place。
巴尔扎克描写的是实实在在的世界，而库珀的只是神话中的世界。
Although Proust and Balzac are respectively masters of fiction of stream of consciousness and realism， there are obvious connections between them。
普鲁斯特和巴尔扎克是意识流与现实主义的两位大师，却存在明显的渊源关系。
In literature and philosophy， from Molière and Balzac to Sartre， the French have denounced the corrupting power of money， and ridiculed the grasping nouveau riche。
在文学和哲学领域，从莫里哀到巴尔扎克到萨特，法国人一直在披露金钱的腐蚀作用和讽刺贪财的暴发户。
Hearing what the woman said， Balzac’s face turned red。
听到这个妇女的话，巴尔扎克的脸刷的红了。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mike： You have a lot of Balzac’s novels。
麦克：你有很多巴尔扎克的书。
Daisy： He is my favorite author。
黛西：他是我最喜欢的作家。
Mike： I’ve only read the Humane Comedy。
麦克：我只看过《人间喜剧》。
Daisy： What do you think of it·
黛西：你觉得怎么样·
Mike： It’s very well written。
麦克：写得很好。
Daisy： Why don’t you read other books of him·
黛西： 你读过他的其他作品吗·
Mike： I want to， but I do not have time。
麦克：我想读，但是我没有时间。
Daisy： It won’t take much time， you can read it on bed。
黛西：不会占用你很多时间，你可以在床上看。
Mike： I do not know you like Balzac so much。
麦克：我不知道你这么喜欢巴尔扎克。
Daisy： His works are very interesting。
黛西：他的作品很有意思。
Mike： Can I borrow some to read·
麦克：我可以借几本去看吗·
Daisy： Help yourself。
黛西：随便挑吧。
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德
约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德是18世纪中叶到19世纪初德国和欧洲最重要的剧作家、诗人、思想家。歌德除了诗歌、戏剧、小说之外，在文艺理论、哲学、历史学、造型设计等方面，都取得了卓越的成就。
About Goethe
关于歌德
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer， drawer， and polymath。 He is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature side by side with Schiller。 His works span the fields of poetry， drama， prose， philosophy， and science。 His Faust has been called the greatest long poem of modern European literature。 His other well－known literary works include his numerous poems， the Bildungsroman Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship， and the epistolary novel The Sorrows of Young Werther。
Goethe was one of the key figures of German literature and the movement of Weimar Classicism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries； this movement coincides with Enlightenment， Sentimentality （Empfindsamkeit）， Sturm und Drang and Romanticism。 The author of the scientific text Theory of Colours， his influential ideas on plant and animal morphology and homology were extended and developed by 19th century naturalists including Charles Darwin。 He also served at length as the Privy Councilor of the duchy of Saxe－Weimar。
