登陆注册
45653600000009

第9章 Seven voyages to western oceans(5)

At that time, Manlajia held a cargo warehouse forZheng He,s fleet and was a base for long-distancenavigation for the fleet. After a short rest in Manlajia,the fleet sailed westward and passed Aru, Sumatra andNanwuli. Then, the fleet was divided into two. Onepart sailed to Jiayile (in today,s southeast tip of India),Ababadan and Ganbali. The other part, led by Zheng He,

赏赐。继而在王宫举行盛大欢迎宴会,按当地风俗,围着大瓮用竹制吸管开怀畅饮美酒,共叙两国友谊。

郑和船队离开占城又到真腊访问,并去距金边240公里的吴哥古迹考察参观,获得不少佛教建筑知识。这为郑和后来任南京守备期间主持兴建南京大报恩寺及琉璃宝塔提供了重要参考。

郑和船队离开真腊,向南航行,在淡马锡(今新加坡)作短暂访问,即折向西行,到达满剌加。

满剌加这时已成为郑和船队的货物仓库,是郑和船队继续远航的途中基地。在满剌加作了短暂休

sailed to Xiaogelan, Cochin, Xilanshan and Calicut. Theteam returned back after a visit to Guli.

In 1410, Zheng He visited Xilanshan again in his returnvoyage. When visiting Xilanshan in his first voyage,Zheng He tried to resolve issues in a peaceful manner.However, things went contrary to his wishes. The kingof Xilanshan didn,t listen to Zheng He,s arguments andplaned to do harm to Zheng He and the fleet, so ZhengHe left the country. In his second visit to Xilanshan, notenough time had passed and no issues had been solved.Zheng He knew about the king,s greed and cruelty andbelieved that if the issues could not be solved, it would bedifficult for him to open a sea route to the west. Therefore,he returned the case to Emperor Yongle after returningto China. With the support of Emperor Yongle, ZhengHe visited Xilanshan a third time. The king of Xilanshaninvited Zheng He to visit his palace but plotted to captureZheng He to ask for a ransom. The king also dispatched50,000 soldiers to the seaside to attack and rob the vesselsof Ming Dynasty. The king also cut trees and set them upas barriers to block Zheng He,s return route. But ZhengHe was aware of the potential for treachery and took aforce of 3,000 to follow him. After arriving at the palace,Zheng He announced the imperial decree of EmperorYongle and gave gifts to the king as usual and tried topersuade him to give up evil ways. The king refused

整后,郑和船队继续西行,经阿鲁、苏门答剌、南巫里,然后分成两路:一路向加异勒(今印度东南端)、阿拔巴丹和甘巴里驶去;另一路由郑和率领向小葛兰、柯枝、锡兰山、古里进发。访问古里后即返航。

1410年,郑和在返航途中再赴锡兰山。郑和第一次下西洋访问锡兰山时,曾试图以和平方式解决锡兰山问题,但事与愿违,国王亚烈苦奈儿非但不听忠告,反而阴谋加害郑和。郑和第二次出使锡兰山,时机不成熟,问题仍未能解决。郑和深知亚烈苦奈儿的贪婪和凶暴,如不解决这一问题,则难以打通向西远航的海路。郑和回国后向永乐皇帝禀报了这一情况。在永乐皇帝的支持下,郑和第三次奉命出使锡兰山。亚烈苦奈儿一面假惺惺地邀请郑和一行到他宫中作客,阴谋俘获郑和,借以勒取赎金;一面暗中兵发5万到海边,阴谋袭劫明朝宝船,夺取钱财;另又伐木设障,以断绝郑和一行的归路,使之互相不得救援。郑和对其已有觉察,提高了警惕,所以加派3000人的武装卫队随行。到达王宫以后,郑和照例向亚烈苦奈儿宣读永乐皇帝的诏书,赠送礼品,并直言相陈,再次

to accept Zheng He,s persuasion and ordered his sonto ask for treasures from Zheng He. Zheng He refusedhis request with stern words and left in anger. On theway back to the fleet, Zheng He found that his way wasblocked. In these dangerous circumstances, Zheng He wascalm and made immediate arrangements. He asked othersto return to the fleet from other roads to order officialsand soldiers of the fleet to fight bravely. He then led hisarmed escort of 3,000 to attack the city of Xilanshan frombyways and captured the king of Xilanshan and his familymembers. The armies of Xilanshan, sent to rob Zheng He,sfleet, returned to the city in a hurry after hearing the newsand surrounded the imperial city of Xilanshan. ZhengHe and his escort held the imperial city and fought withthe armies of Xilanshan for six nights. On one morning,Zheng He and his escort took the king of Xilanshan andother prisoners and, at dawn, and broke through the tightencirclement. With the help of officers and soldiers of thefleet, they fought till the evening, and eventually defeatedthe armies of Xilanshan and returned to the fleet.

When Zheng He returned after this third voyage,friendly envoys from 19 countries followed Zheng He,sfleet to visit China.

On June 16, 1411 of the traditional Chinese calendar,Zheng He,s fleet returned to Nanjing with friendly envoysfrom 19 countries and the captured king of Xilanshan. The

要求亚烈苦奈儿改恶从善。亚烈苦奈儿不但拒不接受规劝,还令其子纳颜向郑和勒索金银宝物。郑和当即严词拒绝,并愤然告辞。在回船队的途中,郑和发觉道路已被阻绝。在这十分危急的情况下,郑和镇定自若,迅速作出处置,派人由其他道路回到船队,命令船队官兵立即奋勇抗击,自己则率卫队3000人,由小道夜袭锡兰王城,生擒亚烈苦奈儿及其家属、头目多人。前往劫夺郑和船队的锡兰军队闻讯,急匆匆赶回救援,包围锡兰王城。郑和等人坚守不出,如此反复攻战六个昼夜。一日清晨,郑和等人押着亚烈苦奈儿等,趁着微曦打开城门,冲出重围,且战且进,在船队官兵的接应下,激战至黄昏,终于打退锡兰军队的追击,胜利返回船队。

third voyage lasted for one year and eight months. Foreignenvoys were warmly receipted by the Government of theMing Dynasty. The king of Xilanshan waited for disposalby Emperor Yongle. In consideration of the friendlyties between China and Xilanshan and the blindnessof the king, Emperor Yongle determined to remit thepunishment but removed his post as king of Xilanshan.He ordered the king to live in China temporarily andsought to find a talented relative to set up as the newking. On July 13, 1412 of the Chinese traditional calendar,Emperor Yongle dispatched envoys to visit Xilanshanwith his imperial decrees and seal, and appointed a newking. In the meantime, the former king was sent back tothe country.

The solution of the Xilanshan issue laid the basis forpeace between eastern and western countries in the westoceans and removed the barriers for the “Maritime SilkRoad” and for trade between countries in Asia and Africa.

The fourth voyage to the western oceans(1413-1415)

Zheng He,s first three voyages to the western oceansall ended in Calicut, without reaching beyond South andSoutheast Asia. The main tasks of the voyages were toopen a route between China and the Indian Peninsula,establish the reputation of the Ming Dynasty in these

郑和第三次下西洋归来时,随同郑和船队到中国访问的,有19个国家的友好使者。

1411年农历六月十六日,郑和船队带着19个国家的友好使者,押着一个锡兰王亚烈苦奈儿,回到南京。第三次下西洋历时一年八个月。外国友好使者受到明王朝政府的热烈欢迎和盛情款待;被羁押的锡兰山王则等候永乐皇帝的处置。永乐皇帝为了中锡两国友谊,并念其愚昧无知,决定予以赦免;但废除了他的锡兰王位,让其暂时住在中国。同时,命礼部在亚烈苦奈儿的亲属中选贤能者为锡兰山国王。礼部奉命选耶巴乃那为王位继承者。1412年农历七月十三日,永乐皇帝遣使携带诏书及诰印前往锡兰山,册封耶巴乃那为国王,亚烈苦奈儿亦同时被遣返回国。

锡兰山问题的解决,奠定了当时西洋和平安定的局面,使亚非各国之间往来交通的“海上丝绸之路”完全畅通无阻。

第四次下西洋(1413-1415)

郑和前三次下西洋,都是以古里国为终点,足迹限于东南亚和南亚,其主要任务是打通中国到印度

同类推荐
  • 春天在心里歌唱

    春天在心里歌唱

    《春天在心里歌唱》精选了四十多篇世界上最具代表性的散文,所选篇目皆出自于名家,语言优美,意义深邃,堪称人类文明的共同财富。同时本书的内容广泛,包罗自然、社会、人生等方方面面。
  • 我在雨中等你

    我在雨中等你

    本书遵循语言学习的自然规律,将英语学习的知识点贯穿在阅读中,并逐一详解,使英语能力在潜移默化中得到提升!
  • 快乐王子·石榴之家

    快乐王子·石榴之家

    本套丛书共56册,精选广大中小学生喜闻乐见的古今中外的著名故事编纂而成,分为56个主题,每册故事围绕一个主题选取经典故事,启迪和教育读者,适合青少年阅读和收藏。本册以“成长”为主题。
  • 澳大利亚学生文学读本(第6册)

    澳大利亚学生文学读本(第6册)

    从最简单入门的英语句式、拼写与发音开始,并且附有大量插图,通过趣味而有教育意义的故事,引发孩子们学习语言的兴趣;并向规范、美丽的文学作品过渡,让孩子们掌握语言的艺术,感受本国的人文历史。是中国学生学习英语、全面了解西方社会的很好途径。
  • 英语PARTY——文苑精华

    英语PARTY——文苑精华

    本套书籍带你领略英语世界风景,感悟英语学习氛围,有助于英语学习。
热门推荐
  • 星方幻境

    星方幻境

    幻魁在[现世]莫名其妙的被自己熟悉的人所杀,但灵魂却莫名奇妙的在世界夹缝处与另一个世界中的一位少年的灵魂相遇并融合,但是幻魁并没有能再次回到自己的世界,而是在被称之为[星幻大陆]的一个地方,用与自己灵魂融合的少年的身体,在星幻大陆中展开了冒险生涯。身体中神秘的力量与不知名的六芒星吊坠会带给幻魁的是强大的力量?还是无尽的麻烦?黑色无名的魔法书在打开之后将会呈现怎样的内容?与倾国倾城的美女会发生一段怎样的爱恨情仇?请让我们拭目以待……
  • 男神零距离:贴心小助理

    男神零距离:贴心小助理

    一朝工作天降,变成如今炙手可热的巨星男神的私人助理。男神总是很高冷少言,虽然什么也不说,可她总有种被压迫的奴役感,总是莫名其妙做出丢脸的事情。而且最近骄傲高冷的男神总是提出一些无理又害羞的要求怎么办?救命!她的尴尬症和羞耻症又犯了!本书其实说的是:男神腹黑的一百种方法,男神恶整小奴百科全书,男神痴汉一百招。ps:亲妈想努力写的很甜很甜想写出一些激萌的少女心。
  • 诸天从斗破开始无敌

    诸天从斗破开始无敌

    我曾助萧炎成帝,也曾辅叶凡为仙。我是故事的参与者,更是幕后的操纵者。乱世争雄,万古长空。神通法则,玄机妙处。一个游者的传奇!
  • 异世界虚拟危机

    异世界虚拟危机

    戴上头盔就能进入虚拟世界。这场体验狂欢背后又隐藏着什么阴谋?
  • 天行

    天行

    号称“北辰骑神”的天才玩家以自创的“牧马冲锋流”战术击败了国服第一弓手北冥雪,被誉为天纵战榜第一骑士的他,却受到小人排挤,最终离开了效力已久的银狐俱乐部。是沉沦,还是再次崛起?恰逢其时,月恒集团第四款游戏“天行”正式上线,虚拟世界再起风云!
  • 豪门暖婚:女王大人总裁来了

    豪门暖婚:女王大人总裁来了

    先说好(男主女主身心干净女主不虐)她是复姓八大世家第一世家欧阳家的少主人奈何一夜之间家族内乱被送出国,长大后为成王牌杀手却被背叛惨死重生,他是复姓八大世家第二世家闻人家的少主人性格阴险腹黑唯一的遗憾就是上辈子没好好爱她:当一切重来他和她能否回到原点,当她重生归来变成腹黑狡诈的女王;他碰上他又会碰撞出怎么样的火花
  • 羁绊的进击

    羁绊的进击

    阳光下,星辰之光不现,黑暗中,群星闪烁。莫名的图,造就莫名的法,莫名的缘,造就莫名的生活。不要试图了解不能理解的存在,你的境界还不够。
  • 天行

    天行

    号称“北辰骑神”的天才玩家以自创的“牧马冲锋流”战术击败了国服第一弓手北冥雪,被誉为天纵战榜第一骑士的他,却受到小人排挤,最终离开了效力已久的银狐俱乐部。是沉沦,还是再次崛起?恰逢其时,月恒集团第四款游戏“天行”正式上线,虚拟世界再起风云!
  • 双胞胎的妖孽保镖

    双胞胎的妖孽保镖

    浩天告别了杀手之旅想要过平凡的生活。接到自家老头子的任务,保护千金大小姐!原以为,这是一件美差,可是等待他的却是地狱般的生活。”这对姐妹花简直不把我当人看,居然让我拖地……。“浩天不得不诅咒”这对姐妹花太疯狂了,居然还让我洗衣做饭……。“浩天都要泪奔了。这还不止,让他更抓狂的是,他这个闻名在杀手界的‘血皇’居然还要给这对姐妹花按摩……哎,小天啊,你的苦逼生活才开始那!
  • 健身教练

    健身教练

    进入21世纪,生活节奏越来越快,生活压力越来越大,曾几何时,发现自己精神越来越差,体力越来越不如从前,身上的脂肪越来越多,皮肤越来越差,身体也越来越差,一时间各种毛病纷至沓来。缺少锻炼已经成为现代都市人的流行病,人们的运动越来越少,缺乏运动导致肥胖人群不断增加,人们的健康状况每况愈下。缺乏运动已经成为导致人类死亡和伤残的主要原因之一。由于运动量大大减少,人们死于心脏病、中风、糖尿病和癌症的机率大大增加,而这些疾病在几十年前还是较为罕见的。