If we consider merely the subtlety of disquisition，the force of imagination，the perfect energy and elegance of expression，which characterize the great works of Athenian genius，we must pronounce them intrinsically most valuable.But what shall we say when we reflect that from hence have sprung，directly or indirectly，all the noblest creations of the human intellect；that from hence were the vast accomplishments and the brilliant fancy of Cicero，the withering fire of Juvenal，the plastic imagination of Dante，the humour of Cervantes，the comprehension of Bacon，the wit of Butler，the supreme and universal excellence of Shakespeare？
All the triumphs of truth and genius over prejudice and power，in every country and in every age，have been the triumphs of Athens.Wherever a few great minds have made a stand against violence and fraud，in the cause of liberty and reason，there has been her spirit in the midst of them；inspiring，encouraging，consoling；by the lonely lamp of Erasmus，by the restless bed of Pascal，in the tribune of Mirabeau，in the cell of Galileo，on the scaffold of Sidney.
But who shall estimate her influence on private happiness？Who shall say how many thousands have been made wiser，happier，and better，by those pursuits in which she has taught mankind to engage；to how manythe studies which took their rise from her have been wealth in poverty，liberty in bondage，health in sickness，society in solitude？
Her power is，indeed，manifested at the bar，in the senate，in the field of battle，in the schools of philosophy.But these are not her glory.Wherever literature consoles sorrow，or assuages pain；wherever it brings gladness to eyes which fail with wakefulness and tears，and ache for the dark house and the long sleep，there is exhibited，in its noblest form，the immortal influence of Athens.
The dervish，in the Arabian tale，did not hesitate to abandon to his comrade the camels with their loads of jewels and gold，while he retained the casket of that mysterious juice which enabled him to behold at one glance all the hidden riches of the universe.Surely it is no exaggeration to say that no external advantage is to be compared with that purification of the intellectual eye which gives us to contemplate the infinite wealth of the mental world，all the hoarded treasures of its primeval dynasties，all the shapeless ore of its yet unexplored mines.This is the gift of Athens to man.
Her freedom and her power have，for more than twenty centuries，been annihilated；her people have degenerated into timid slaves；her language，into a barbarous jargon；her temples have been given up to the successive depredations of Romans，Turks，and Scotchmen；but her intellectual empire is imperishable.
And when those who have rivalled her greatness shall have shared her fate；when civilization and knowledge shall have fixed their abode in distant continents；whenthe sceptre shall have passed away from England；when，perhaps，travellers from distant regions shall in vain labour to decipher on some mouldering pedestal the name of our proudest chief，shall hear savage hymns chaunted to some misshapen idol over the ruined dome of our proudest temple，and shall see a single naked fisherman wash his nets in the river of the ten thousand masts，her influence and her glory will still survive，fresh in eternal youth，exempt from mutability and decay，immortal as the intellectual principle from which they derived their origin，and over which they exercise their control.
