THE HOUSE OF STEWART
斯图亚特王朝时期
105
JAMES I
詹姆士一世
1603to 1625A.D.-22years（公元1603~1625年，在位22年）Commons，members of the Lower House.
cut down，slain.
Episcopal Church，Church governed by bishops.
fagots，bundles of sticks.
Lords，members of the Upper House of Parliament.
train，line of gunpowder.
vaults，cellars.version，same reading.vote，agree to give.
1.When King James the Sixth of Scotland came to the throne of England heawas called James the First.He was the first of the Stewartkings.He was theonly son of Mary Queen of Scots，and Mary was granddaughter of Henry the Seventh‘s daughter Margaret.He married the Princess Anne of Denmark.
2.James at once began to set up the Episcopal Church throughout Great Britain.At this the Roman Catholics were very angry，as they had hoped that James，being a Stewart，would favour their cause.Certain wild spirits among them therefore made up their minds to get rid of King，Lords，and Commons at one blow.
3.For this purpose the Gunpowder Plot was formed by Catesby and others.A cellar beneath the Parliament House was hired.Thirty-six barrels of gunpowder were secretly placed there，and were covered with coals and fagots.
A Spaniard，named Guy Fawkes，was hired to set fire to the whole，at thebopening of Parliament，when the Royal Family，together with the Lords andCommons，should be present.
a Stewart.-This is the proper way to spell the name，which was derived from the name of the office ofSteward，held by the founder of the family.
b Opening of Parliament.-Parliament is usually opened by the King or the Queen，who goes in state to the House of Lords.There the Commons are called to join the Lords and to listen to the speech from the throne.
4.But the plot was found out from a letter written by one of the plotters to a friend，whose life he wished to save.This letter was shown to the King，who，guessing what was meant，ordered the vaults beneath the House of Lords to be searched.There Guy Fawkes was found.He had laid the train，and was ready with matches and lantern to do the dreadful work.
5.The rest of the plotters fled into Staffordshire，where a rising in aid of the plot had been arranged to take place.Most of them were cut down while fighting.Others were taken，tried，and doomed to die；but some were pardoned.Very severe laws against Roman Catholics were then passed.They were not allowed to be doctors，or lawyers，or even to live in London；and any one was allowed to break into their houses and spoil their goods.
6.The first great work of this reign was the translation of the Bible.Forty-seven scholars were engaged on the work for three years；and the result was the authorized version.
7.After the death of Lord Cecil，a wise states-man and the faithful adviser of the King，James began to quarrel with his Parliament.He chose favourites from the lower ranks，and by raising them above the nobles，caused much ill-feeling.
8.He tried by all means to increase his power over the Parliament and thepeople；and some of the clergy who wished to flatter him began to preach that the King was above all laws，as he derived his power directly from God.On the other hand，the Parliament would not let the King have his way，and refused to vote him money.
9.James，on his part，laid heavy fines on the people，and sold titles.This breach between King and people grew wider and wider until the death of James；and at last it ended in the overthrow of the Stewart Kings.James died of gout and ague，aged fifty-nine.
10.James possessed an ungainly person and rough manners.He wasgenerous，but he was also self-willed and vain.He believed that he had a right to rule as he pleased，without attending to the wishes of his subjects.
中文阅读
1.苏格兰的詹姆士六世来到英国继承王位时，人称詹姆士一世。他是斯图亚特王室的第一位国王a，苏格兰玛丽女王的独生子，而玛丽又是亨利七世的女儿玛格丽特的孙女。他与丹麦的安妮公主结成伴侣。
a 斯图亚特：以这种方式拼读该王朝是比较恰当的，其名称源于“斯图沃德”官位的名称，而这个职位是由该王室的创立者掌管的。
2.詹姆士很快便着手在整个大不列颠建立英国新教教堂。对此，罗马天主教会极为震怒，因为他们原本指望詹姆士作为一个斯图亚特人，应该会支持他们的教派。一股不屈的精神在他们当中升腾，遂决心将国王和上院、下院成员统统杀死。
3.为此，盖茨比和另外一些人策划了“火药阴谋”。他们租用国会大厦下面的一间地下室，在那里秘密存放了36桶火药，并盖上煤块和柴禾。他们雇请了一个名叫盖伊·福克斯的西班牙人，负责在国会开幕的仪式a上点火，因为届时王室成员和上下议院的议员都会出席。
4.但是这个阴谋却由于一名策划者给某位他希望免于遭殃的朋友写了一封信而泄露。这封信交到国王那里，国王猜出了信的含义，于是下令到上院各地下室搜查。在那里，他们发现了盖伊·福克斯。他已经放好了火药的引信，正准备用火柴和灯笼干那件可怕的事。
5.其他阴谋者逃到斯坦福德郡，那里已经举行一场声援该阴谋的叛乱。他们当中多数人都在斗争中被砍死，其他人则被带走审讯，难逃一死；但也有一些人得到宽恕。为此，英国通过了针对罗马天主教会的严酷法律。法律规定，他们不能当医生或律师，甚至不能住在伦敦；任何人都可以闯入他们的家，肆意毁坏他们的财物。
6.在这一统治时期，最值得大书特书的事是《圣经》的传入。47位专家应邀从事这项工作，时间长达三年，结果是推出了“钦定”版本。
7.塞西尔勋爵是一位英明的政治家和国王的忠实顾问。他死后，詹姆士国王便开始与国会争吵。他从较低阶层中挑选一些自己喜欢的人，让他们身居凌驾于贵族之上的高位，从而引起很多人不满。
8.国王千方百计想将自身权力提到国会和人民之上，而一些想对他阿谀奉承的教士也开始鼓吹，说什么国王的权力超越一切法律，因为他的权力是直接从上帝那里得来的。另一方面，国会却不允许国王这样做，于是拒绝投票通过给他的拨款。
9.詹姆士对人民课以重税，并出卖官职。国王与人民之间的这种嫌隙随之越来越宽，直到詹姆士一世死去，并最终随着斯图亚特王室被推翻而终止。詹姆士死于痛风和疟疾，殁年59岁。
10.詹姆士一世面容死板、行为粗鲁。他虽为人慷慨，但同时又刚愎自用、爱慕虚荣。他坚信自己有权按照自身意愿去施政，而不顾忌臣民的意愿。
a 议会开幕典礼：议会开幕一般由国王或女王主持，主持人要向上院发表演说。下院成员也要到场参加上院的活动，共同聆听国王或女王的讲话。
106
THE GUNPOWDER PLOT
火药阴谋
assembly，meeting；gathering of people.
capable of，fit for.consent，agreement.desperate，reckless.discovered，found out.especially，in particular.evident，plain.
executed，put to death.
frightened，alarmed.
mysterious，hard to understand；dark.
prevented，hindered.revealed，made known.situation，office.torture，pain.
1.The reign of James the First had not been many months in progress，when it became evident to the Roman Catholics that he had no intention of conferring any favour on them，or of relaxing those laws which pressed on them with severity.Some of the more desperate men of that creed began to brood over this and to think of revenge.
